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NEW QUESTION # 41
Referring to the exhibit. You are asked to assign interface xe-1/0/5 to a virtual switch. What must be accomplished to complete the configuration?
- A. Interface xe-1/0/5 must be added to routing-instance sw-1.
- B. Interface xe-1/0/5 must be a trunk port.
- C. Interface xe-1/0/5 must be added to routing-instance sw-1 vlan_2.
- D. An IRB interface must be configured to routing-instance sw-1 vlan_2.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The exhibit shows the configuration of a virtual switch called sw-1 with two VLANs defined within it:
vlan_1 with VLAN ID 1 and vlan_2 with VLAN ID 2. To add interface xe-1/0/5 to the virtual switch, the interface must be associated with one of these VLANs. Since the interface is already configured with vlan-id 2, it implies that it is intended to be part of vlan_2 within the virtual switch sw-1. Therefore, the correct answer is to add interface xe-1/0/5 to the vlan_2 bridge domain under the sw-1 routing instance.
NEW QUESTION # 42
In an OSPF network, what is a purpose of a designated router?
- A. to forward traffic within the configured subnet
- B. to reduce OSPF traffic on the OSPF segment
- C. to flood routes to all other OSPF devices in the entire domain
- D. to assign an OSPF router ID to all routers in the OSPF segment
Answer: B
Explanation:
On multi-access network segments, such asEthernet, OSPF could potentially face a scalability issue. If every router on a segment formed a full adjacency with every other router, the number of adjacencies would follow the formula $n(n-1)/2$. In a segment with 10 routers, this would result in 45 adjacencies, each generating redundant flooding of Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) and excessive Hello traffic.
To solve this, OSPF elects aDesignated Router (DR)and aBackup Designated Router (BDR). According to Juniper Networks documentation, the primary purpose of the DR is to act as a central point of contact for the segment, therebyreducing OSPF traffic (Option C).
Instead of every router syncing with every other router, they all form aFull adjacencyonly with the DR and BDR. When a router (a DR-Other) has an update, it sends it to the multicast address224.0.0.6(All DR Routers). The DR then acknowledges the update and floods it to all other routers on the segment using the multicast address224.0.0.5(All OSPF Routers). This "hub-and-spoke" signaling model within the local segment significantly minimizes the bandwidth consumed by protocol overhead and reduces the CPU load on the participating routers.
It is important to note that the DR's scope is limited to the local segment; it does not "assign IDs" (Option A) nor does it flood routes to the "entire domain" (Option D), as that is the responsibility of individual routers within their respective areas.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Referring to the exhibit. Which prefix in the output shown in the exhibit is an external prefix injected by an OSPF router?
- A. 192.168.1.3
- B. 192.108.1.4
- C. 172.26.4.0730
- D. 172.18.1.0/24
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the OSPF routing table output, prefixes are marked with different route types. An external prefix injected into OSPF is marked as 'Ext' (External) followed by a number that indicates whether it's an E1 or E2 route. The prefix 172.18.1.0/24 is marked as Ext2, which indicates that it is an external route that has been redistributed into OSPF from another routing protocol or static configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 44
What information is determined by using the AS path attribute included in the BGP update message? (Choose two.)
- A. the total number of next-hop devices to reach a prefix
- B. the presence of a routing loop
- C. the shortest AS path to reach a prefix
- D. the origin of a route from IGP or EGP
Answer: B,C
NEW QUESTION # 45
Referring to the exhibit, where should next-hop-self-policy be applied to alter the next-hop value?
- A. The policy is applied as an import policy for the group int-64503.
- B. The policy is applied as an export policy for the group int-64503.
- C. The policy is applied as an Import policy for the group ext-64501.
- D. The policy is applied as an export policy for the group ext-64501.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The next-hop-self-policy policy is used to alter the next-hop attribute of BGP routes. When you apply it as an export policy to an external BGP (eBGP) group, it changes the next-hop attribute of the routes being advertised to eBGP neighbors so that the next-hop IP address is the IP address of the router itself. This ensures that the eBGP neighbors use the local router as the next hop to reach these routes.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which two statements about graceful restart are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. Graceful restart restarting router mode is not enabled by default.
- B. Graceful restart uses nonstop bridging for forwarding operations.
- C. Graceful restart requires that GRES be enabled.
- D. Graceful restart helper mode is enabled by default.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Graceful Restart (GR)is a high-availability mechanism designed to minimize the impact of a routing protocol process (rpd) restart or a Routing Engine (RE) switchover. It allows a router to continue forwarding traffic while the control plane is recovering, provided that the data plane (Packet Forwarding Engine) remains intact.
According to Juniper Networks documentation, Graceful Restart operates in two distinct roles:
* Restarting Mode:This is the role of the router that is actually undergoing the restart. In Junos OS, this mode isnot enabled by default (Option A). An administrator must explicitly configure graceful-restart under the [edit routing-options] hierarchy to allow the router to signal its neighbors that it is attempting a graceful recovery.
* Helper Mode:This is the role of the neighboring routers. When a neighbor sees a router restart, if it is in "helper mode," it will continue to forward traffic toward the restarting router and will not flush the associated routes from its forwarding table for a specified period. In Junos,helper mode is enabled by default (Option B)for most protocols (OSPF, BGP, IS-IS). This means that even if you haven't configured GR on your own router, it will automatically assist its neighbors if they perform a graceful restart.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Option C:WhileGRES (Graceful Routing Engine Switchover)is often usedwithGraceful Restart to handle hardware-level RE failures, they are independent features. GR can function during a simple software process restart without dual REs or GRES.
* Option D:Nonstop Bridging (NSB)is a separate high-availability feature for Layer 2 protocols (like STP). While it shares a similar goal, Graceful Restart is specifically a Layer 3 protocol mechanism (Layer 2 does not use "helper" routers in the same way).
NEW QUESTION # 47
Referring to the exhibit, what will happen to untagged frames?
- A. The untagged frames are associated with VLAN 10.
- B. The untagged frames are load balanced between VLAN 10 and VLAN 20.
- C. The untagged frames are dropped.
- D. The untagged frames are associated with VLAN 20.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the exhibit, the interface is configured with the native-vlan-id 20 parameter. This means that any untagged frames arriving on this interface will be associated with VLAN 20. The native VLAN serves as the default VLAN for untagged frames on a trunk port.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Click the Exhibit button. You have a network often routers that have all been configured with an identical SRGB. The exhibit shows the IS-IS configuration from a router called R10. The other nine routers do not yet have an IPv4 shortest-path SR-MPLS LSP to this router.
Which missing part of the configuration must you add on R10 to solve this problem?
- A. R10 must tag its internal IPv4 BGP prefixes with a BGP prefix SID
- B. R10 must be configured with explicit IPv4 adjacency SID.
- C. R10 must be configured with an explicit binding SID.
- D. R10 must be configured with an explicit IPv4 node SID.
Answer: D
Explanation:
For other routers to build an IPv4 shortest-path SR-MPLS LSP to R10, R10 must advertise a reachable SR node segment for its IPv4 loopback/prefix. Configuring an explicit IPv4 node SID ensures R10's loopback prefix is associated with a SID in the SRGB and is advertised in IS-IS, allowing the rest of the network to compute and label-switch traffic to R10 using SR.
NEW QUESTION # 49
The MPLS Label Information Base (LIB) is stored in which table?
- A. inet6.0
- B. inet.0
- C. inet.3
- D. mpls.0
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Junos OS, the Routing Engine maintains several different tables to manage various types of reachability and forwarding information. When a router is running MPLS, it must track both IP routes and label-to-label mappings.
Thempls.0table is the primary repository for theLabel Information Base (LIB)and theLabel Forwarding Information Base (LFIB). According to Juniper Networks documentation, mpls.0 is used by transit and egress routers to perform label lookups. When a labeled packet arrives at an interface, the router looks at the top label and references the mpls.0 table to determine the next action. This table stores the mapping of incoming labels to their corresponding operations:Pop(remove the label),Swap(replace the label), orPush(add an additional label).
It is crucial to understand the roles of the other tables to avoid confusion:
* inet.0 (Option D):This is the default unicast routing table for IPv4, used for standard IP-to-IP forwarding.
* inet.3 (Option C):This is theMPLS Path Table. It stores the egress loopback addresses of LSPs and is used by BGP for next-hop resolution to determine if a destination can be reached via an MPLS tunnel.
While inet.3 knowsaboutLSPs, the actual label-switching instructions reside in mpls.0.
* inet6.0 (Option A):This is the default unicast routing table for IPv6.
Therefore, for the specific purpose of storing the label base used for transit switching operations,mpls.0is the correct and only table used in the Junos architecture.
NEW QUESTION # 50
You want to ensure that access switches on your network cannot transition to a root bridge state, while maintaining your carefully designed and implemented spanning-tree topology. Which feature would you deploy on interfaces connected to your access switches?
- A. BPDU protection
- B. storm control
- C. root protection
- D. loop protection
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 51
You are evaluating BGP between two Juniper routers and the BGP session is stuck in the Idle state.
What would cause this behavior?
- A. The peer IP address is incorrect.
- B. The BGP group type is set to internal instead of external.
- C. The local AS number is missing.
- D. The BGP hold time is too short.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Idle state indicates that the BGP process is waiting to initiate a connection but cannot establish a TCP session with the configured peer. If the peer IP address is incorrect, the router attempts to connect to a non-existent or wrong neighbor, preventing the TCP session on port 179 from being established and keeping the BGP session in the Idle state.
NEW QUESTION # 52
What is the default export behavior of IS-IS in the Junos OS?
- A. to export all learned prefixes
- B. to export only IPv6 routes
- C. to export nothing
- D. to export only external routes
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the Junos OS, routing policy behavior is governed bydefault import and export rulesthat vary significantly between different protocols. ForIS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System), the default export policy is "reject all." This means that, by default, an IS-IS process willexport nothingfrom the routing table into the IS-IS database.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, IS-IS automatically advertises its own direct interfaces that are configured under the [edit protocols isis] hierarchy. However, it does not automatically redistribute routes learned from other sources-such asStatic routes,OSPF, orBGP-into the IS-IS domain.
This is a safety mechanism designed to prevent accidental routing loops or the flooding of unnecessary prefixes into the link-state database (LSDB), which could impact the stability of the SPF (Shortest Path First) algorithm.
To move routes from the routing table (inet.0) into IS-IS, an administrator must explicitly create arouting policyand apply it as anexport policywithin the IS-IS configuration. For example:
Code snippet
set policy-options policy-statement REDIST-STATIC term 1 from protocol static set policy-options policy-statement REDIST-STATIC term 1 then accept set protocols isis export REDIST-STATIC Without such a policy, the IS-IS LSPs (Link-State PDUs) will only contain information about the IS-IS enabled interfaces and the reachability of other IS-IS neighbors. This behavior contrasts with protocols like BGP, which has different default rules for exporting active BGP routes to EBGP peers. In the context of IS-IS in a Juniper environment, "export nothing" is the standard operational baseline.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which two statements are correct about default BGP route propagation? (Choose two.)
- A. IBGP speakers advertise IBGP-learned routes to other IBGP peers.
- B. EBGP speakers advertise IBGP-learned routes to other EBGP peers by using a policy.
- C. UEBGP speakers advertise IBGP-learned routes to other EBGP peers.
- D. IBGP speakers advertise EBGP-learned routes to other IBGP peers.
Answer: C,D
NEW QUESTION # 54
Which OSPF database packet determines which router is in charge of the database synchronization and the transferring of LSA headers between the two systems?
- A. link-state update
- B. database description
- C. link-state request
- D. hello
Answer: B
Explanation:
The Database Description (DD) packets serve two main purposes:
1. determinining which router is in charge of the database synchronization
2. tansferring the LSA headers between the two systems
The Database Description (DBD) OSPF packet is used during the adjacency formation process to describe the contents of the topological database between routers. The routers exchange DBD packets to determine the master and slave relationship, which dictates the router in charge of the database synchronization.
NEW QUESTION # 55
How are routing loops prevented in internal BGP networks?
- A. Internal BGP routes are never readvertised to other external BGP neighbors.
- B. Internal BGP routes are never readvertised to other internal BGP neighbors.
- C. External BGP routes are never readvertised to other internal BGP neighbors.
- D. External BGP routes are never readvertised to other external BGP neighbors.
Answer: B
Explanation:
In iBGP, routes learned from one internal BGP neighbor are not advertised to other internal BGP neighbors. This rule prevents routing loops within the autonomous system and is the reason a full mesh or route reflection is required for proper route propagation in iBGP networks.
NEW QUESTION # 56
You are the administrator for two Junos routers called R1 and R2. These two routers are directly connected to each other. These two routers run IS-IS and BFD. R1 is configured to send BFD packets every 300 milliseconds. R2 is configured to send BFD packets every 400 milliseconds. In this situation, what is the expected outcome?
- A. Each router will negotiate to send BFD packets at the fastest of the two rates.
- B. BFD will fail due to the mismatched timers.
- C. Each router will send BFD packets at the rate that has been locally configured.
- D. Each router will negotiate to send BFD packets at the slowest of the two rates.
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the context of Juniper Networks High Availability,Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)is a lightweight protocol designed to provide fast failure detection for the forwarding path. Unlike the slow "hello" mechanisms found in IGPs like OSPF or IS-IS, BFD can detect link or neighbor failures in sub-second intervals.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, BFD operates through a negotiation process. When two routers establish a BFD session, they exchange their locally configuredMinimum Transmit Intervaland Minimum Receive Intervalwithin the BFD control packets. The fundamental rule of BFD negotiation is that the routers must agree on a common timing value that accommodates the slower of the two devices to ensure stability and prevent "false positives" (detecting a failure when none exists simply because one router cannot keep up with the processing speed).
In this scenario, R1 expects to send at 300ms, while R2 is configured for 400ms. During the handshake, R1 informs R2 it is capable of 300ms, but R2 informs R1 it can only support a minimum of 400ms.
Consequently, the routers will negotiate to use theslowest of the two rates (400ms). Specifically, the transmission interval of one router is matched to the receive interval of the other. By choosing the highest common denominator (the slowest rate), the BFD session ensures that both routers have sufficient time to process incoming control packets. This negotiation allows BFD to be highly flexible in heterogeneous environments where different hardware platforms may have varying CPU capabilities for handling rapid heartbeat packets.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Exhibit:
user@R2> show route 198.51.100.1
inet.0: 19 destinations, 19 routes (19 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
Restart Complete
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
198.51.100.1/32 *[Static/5] 5d 21:02:26
> to 203.0.113.65 via ge-0/0/3.0
user@R2> show route 172.20.110.0/24
inet.0: 19 destinations, 19 routes (19 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
Restart Complete
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active,
* = Both
172.20.110.0/24 *[Static/5] 10:43:01
> via gr-0/0/0.0
Referring to the exhibit, traffic destined to which network will be sent through the tunnel?
- A. 172.20.110.0/24
- B. 198.51.100.1/32
- C. 203.0.113.65
- D. 0.0.0.0/0
Answer: A
Explanation:
To determine which traffic is being sent through a tunnel in a Junos OS environment, an administrator must analyze the routing table output for the exit interface associated with each destination prefix. The provided exhibit shows the results of the show route command on routerR2for two specific destination networks.
In the first output, the destination198.51.100.1/32is an active static route. The next-hop information specifies that traffic for this address is sent to the gateway 203.0.113.65 via the interfacege-0/0/3.0. According to Juniper Networks interface naming conventions, the prefixge-denotes aGigabit Ethernetinterface, which represents a standard physical connection. Therefore, this traffic does not traverse a tunnel.
In the second output, the destination172.20.110.0/24is also an active static route. However, the next-hop for this network is listed asvia gr-0/0/0.0. In the Junos operating system, thegr-prefix explicitly identifies a Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel interface. GRE is a widely used protocol in service provider networks to encapsulate various network layer protocols over an IP backbone, effectively creating a virtual point-to-point link. Because the routing table has installed the route for 172.20.110.0/24 specifically via the gr- interface, all traffic destined for this network will be encapsulated and sent through the tunnel.
The other choices are incorrect for the following reasons:
* 203.0.113.65 (Option B):This is the next-hop IP address for the physical Gigabit Ethernet path; it is not a destination network directed to a tunnel.
* 0.0.0.0/0 (Option C):There is no information in the exhibit regarding a default route.
* 198.51.100.1/32 (Option D):As identified by thege-interface prefix in the exhibit, traffic for this destination is sent via a physical Ethernet link.
NEW QUESTION # 58
What is a key differentiator of generate routes from aggregate routes?
- A. Generate routes have a default next-hop value of reject.
- B. Generate routes cannot be used as a gateway of last resort.
- C. Generate routes have a default preference value of 210.
- D. Generate routes use a forwarding next hop.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Generated routes are a type of route that can be created to summarize and generate more specific routes within the routing table. Unlike aggregate routes, which summarize existing routes and inherit a next-hop, generated routes do not necessarily have to match an existing route and will have a next- hop of reject by default unless specified otherwise.
NEW QUESTION # 59
What are two requirements for a unified in-service software upgrade? (Choose two.)
- A. The device must have dual Routing Engines.
- B. The device must be part of the chassis cluster.
- C. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection must be enabled on the device.
- D. Nonstop active routing must be enabled on the device.
Answer: A,D
NEW QUESTION # 60
What are two types of SIDs used in segment routing? (Choose two.)
- A. link
- B. node
- C. interface
- D. adjacency
Answer: B,D
NEW QUESTION # 61
Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. Prefixes in Level 1 will not be redistributed to Level 2.
- B. Prefixes in Level 2 will be not redistributed to Level 1.
- C. Prefixes in Level 2 will be redistributed to Level 1.
- D. Prefixes in Level 1 will be redistributed to Level 2.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
In IS-IS, Level 1 routes are usually contained within the same area and Level 2 routes are used to interconnect different areas. By default, routes from Level 1 are redistributed into Level 2, and vice versa, to ensure reachability between areas.
By default, IS-IS protocol leaks routing information from a Level 1 area to a Level 2 area.
However, to leak routing information from a Level 2 area to a Level 1 area, an export policy must be explicitly configured.
NEW QUESTION # 62
You want to share routes between two routing instances that you have configured? What are two ways to accomplish this task? (Choose two.)
- A. Create a forwarding instance.
- B. Use a RIB group.
- C. Configure an instance import policy
- D. Use a non-forwarding instance.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Static route with a next-hop of next-table pointing to the appropriate routing table which contains more accurate information rib-groups to mirror routing information from one route-table to another. However, in many cases, in order to make this work, interface-routes also need to be mirrored. RIB Group policy can be used to constrain the routing information instance-import and instance-export statements configured within the individual routing-instances to leak routes from one table to another. Again, policy can be used here to constrain the routing information. This method is more straightforward than the rib-group method A final approach is to use physical interfaces or logical- tunnels to stitch routing-instances and use a routing protocol or static routes across this connection between the two routing-instances.
To share routes between two routing instances on a Junos device, you can configure an instance import policy in one or both instances to import routes from the other instance. Alternatively, a RIB (Routing Information Base) group can be used to share routes between instances.
NEW QUESTION # 63
Which two statements are correct about TLVs in IS-IS? (Choose two.)
- A. LSPs can contain multiple TLVs.
- B. LSPs can only contain one TLV.
- C. TLVs only support encoding IPv4 routing information.
- D. TLVs allow flexible encoding of routing information.
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
In the IS-IS protocol,TLVs (Type, Length, Value)are the fundamental building blocks used to carry information withinLink-State PDUs (LSPs). Unlike some other protocols that have a fixed, rigid packet format, IS-IS was designed from the ground up to be modular and extensible. This extensibility is achieved through the use of TLVs, which allow the protocol to carry different types of data without requiring changes to the core protocol state machine.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation,TLVs allow flexible encoding of routing information (Option C). Each TLV specifies the "Type" of information it carries (such as neighbor information or IP reachability), the "Length" of that information, and the "Value" (the actual data). This architecture is what allowed IS-IS to easily support IPv6 by simply adding new TLVs (like TLV 236 for IPv6 reachability) without redesigning the protocol. It also supports Traffic Engineering (TE) extensions used in MPLS environments by adding TLVs that describe link bandwidth and administrative groups.
Furthermore, a singleLSP can contain multiple TLVs (Option D). When a Juniper router generates an LSP, it packs all the necessary information-such as the router's area addresses, its neighbors, and its local interface prefixes-into various TLVs and places them into a single PDU. If the amount of information exceeds the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of the interface, the router will generate additional LSPs (fragmented LSPs) to carry the remaining TLVs.
Options A and B are incorrect because restricting an LSP to a single TLV would make the protocol incredibly inefficient, and the very nature of IS-IS is its ability to support multiple network layer protocols (not just IPv4) through its agnostic TLV-based transport.
NEW QUESTION # 64
You must ensure that your routing platform with redundant REs continues to forward packets, even if one RE fails. Which technology would you use to accomplish this task?
- A. NSB
- B. LAG
- C. BFD
- D. GRES
Answer: D
Explanation:
For Juniper platforms equipped with dualRouting Engines (REs), the fundamental technology required to provide high availability during a hardware or software failure of the primary RE isGraceful Routing Engine Switchover (GRES).
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, GRES allows the backup RE to stay in a "hot" standby state. When GRES is enabled, the primary RE synchronizes critical state information with the backup RE, specifically thechassis stateand theinterface state. This synchronization includes the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) configuration.
When the primary RE fails, the backup RE takes over immediately. Because the PFE (which resides on the line cards) was already synchronized and is not restarted during the switchover, the routercontinues to forward packetsthat are already in flight or part of established flows. This prevents a complete network outage during an RE failover.
Comparison with other options:
* NSB (Non-Stop Bridging - Option A):Focuses specifically on maintaining Layer 2 protocol states (like STP) during a switchover.
* LAG (Link Aggregation - Option B):Provides redundancy for physical links, not the control plane or the RE.
* BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection - Option C):Is a protocol used for rapid detection of link or neighbor failures; it does not protect the RE or maintain forwarding during an internal switchover.
It is important to note that while GRES maintains theforwardingstate, it does not by itself maintain therouting protocolstate (adjacencies). To keep OSPF or BGP sessions from dropping during the switchover, GRES must be paired withNon-Stop Active Routing (NSR). However, as the question focuses on the core requirement of continuing to forward packets,GRESis the foundational technology.
NEW QUESTION # 65
Which two statements ate correct about the BGP next-hop attribute value? (Choose two.)
- A. By default, the next-hop value is changed across IBGP links.
- B. By default, the next-hop value is not changed across EBGP links.
- C. By default, the next-hop value is changed across EBGP links.
- D. By default, the next-hop value is not changed across IBGP links.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
By default, the router that originally sourced the route into BGP places its peer address into the attribute field. The next-hop value is then typically changed when the route is transmitted across external gGP (EBGP) links. Internal BGP (IBGP) peers do not alter the next-hop value between themselves.
NEW QUESTION # 66
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